Metrics & Methods: Questionnaires

Aspirations Index (AI)

Aspirations refer to people's life goals, and SDT research on aspirations has focused on the relative strength of intrinsic aspirations (viz., meaningful relationships, personal growth, and community contributions) versus extrinsic aspirations (viz., wealth, fame, and image). Specifically, research has examined the antecedents,

Autonomy and Competence in Technology Adoption Questionnaire (ACTA)

The ACTA questionnaire concerns why people adopt use of a technology (ie. download an app, register with a website, purchase a wearable device, etc.) and the extent to which they perceive they will be competent to use it. The ACTA is based on the Self-Regulation Questionnaire scales devised for other domains (ie. exercise,

Autonomy Support Questionnaire (ASQ)

The Autonomy Support Questionnaire (ASQ) derived from the “Friendship Autonomy Support Questionnaire (FASQ)” developed by Deci, La Guardia, Moller, Scheiner, & Ryan, 2006. The FASQ was used to assess an individual’s perception of the degree to which a close friend is generally autonomy supportive within the

Basic Needs in Games (BANG)

The Basic Needs in Games (BANGS) is an open-access, free to use scale that assesses the degree of need satisfaction and frustration experienced during video game play. This questionnaire can be used to help understand outcomes such as video game enjoyment, engagement, in-game behavior, and player wellbeing.  Players’

Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS)

Within Basic Psychological Need Theory, the satisfaction of the psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness are said to represent essential nutrients of growth (Deci & Ryan, 2000; Ryan & Deci, 2017). To the extent experience a sense of volition and psychological freedom (i.e., autonomy), a sense of

Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction Scales (BPNSS)

The Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction Scales is a set of original questionnaires that assess the degree to which people feel satisfaction of these three needs. There is a: general form, as well as domain specific forms for work and relationships. Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction Scale – In

Behavioural Regulations For Walking Questionnaire (BRWQ)

WHY DO YOU ENGAGE IN WALKING? We are interested in the reasons underlying peoples’ decisions to engage, or not engage in walking. Walking may include walking for transport, leisure, and whilst at work. Using the scale below, please indicate to what extent each of the following items is true for you. Please note that

Coaches’ Controlling Interpersonal Style (CCBS)

This scale assesses the degree to which coaches use a controlling communication style when interacting with athletes.

Daily Teacher Autonomy Practices – Student Report (DTAP-SR)

The DTAP-student report measures students’ perceptions of the extent to which their teacher in a specific class and context used practices intended to support or thwart autonomy on a given day. The measure was developed for research designs that focus on the repeated measurement of students’ daily experiences of teacher

Emotion Regulation Inventory (ERI)

The Emotion Regulation Inventory (ERI) was developed by Roth, Assor, Niemiec, Ryan & Deci, 2009 to measure three styles of emotion regulation that correspond to autonomous, controlled, and impersonal modes of functioning, respectively (Roth, Vansteenkiste, & Ryan, 2019). Integrative emotion regulation reflects

Financial Motivations Scale (FMS)

The Financial Motivations Scale assesses individual differences in people’s motivations for managing their finances. Based on Self-Determination Theory, it features a format and scoring system similar to other Self-Regulation Questionnaires. This version of the scale focuses on motivations in three financial areas:

General Causality Orientations Scale (GCOS)

This scale is derived from Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985). It is intended to assess the strength of three different motivational orientations within an individual. These orientations, labelled Autonomy, Controlled, and Impersonal, are understood as relatively enduring aspects of personality, and each is

Goal Content for Weight Maintenance Scale (GCWMS)

Health-Care Self-Determination Theory Questionnaire (HCSDTQ)

This packet contains three questionnaires that have been developed to assess constructs contained within Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as the theory relates to health-care behavior (Deci & Ryan, 1985; Williams, Deci, & Ryan, 1999). The first is the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ); The second is the

Index of Autonomous Functioning (IAF)

A growing interest in the functional importance of dispositional autonomy led to the development and validation of the Index of Autonomous Functioning (IAF) across seven studies (Weinstein, Przybylski, & Ryan, 2012). The IAF provides a brief and reliable measure of trait autonomy based on three theoretically derived

Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI)

The Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) is a multidimensional measurement device intended to assess participants' subjective experience related to a target activity in laboratory experiments. It has been used in several experiments related to intrinsic motivation and self-regulation - originating from original studies by

Language Learning Questionnaires (LLQ)

Various scales are used in studies of language learning, often in languages other than English. You can find a selection

The Learning Climate Questionnaire (LCQ)

The LCQ has a long form containing 15 items and a short form containing 6 of the items. The questionnaire is typically used with respect to specific learning settings, such as a particular class, at the college or graduate school level. Thus, the questions are sometimes adapted slightly, at least in the instructions, so the

Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)

A dispositional measure of mindfulness, termed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), was developed by Kirk Warren Brown and Richard Ryan (2003). This 15-item scale measures the frequency of mindful states in day-to-day life, using both general and situation- specific statements. Based on a mean of all items, MAAS

Motivation for Learning Music (MLM)

Motivation to have a Child Scale (MCS)

This scale aims to measure individuals’ motivation for becoming parents. The scale is an adaptation of the Motivation to have a Child Scale (MCS; Gauthier et al., 2007), which was developed to assess the quality of motivation to have a child. Although the original MCS was a promising measure to assess motives for parenthood,

Motivation to Volunteer Scale (MVS)

The Motivators’ Orientations Questionnaires (PIS & PAW)

The Problems in Schools Questionnaire and the Problems at Work Questionnaire were developed using the same format and the same basic concept. Each assesses whether individuals in a position of authority, whose job is, in part, to motivate others, tend to be oriented toward controlling the behavior of those others versus

Motives for Physical Activity Measure – Revised (MPAM-R)

The Motives for Physical Activity Measure - Revised (MPAM-R) is intended to assess the strength of five motives for participating in physical activities such as weight lifting, aerobics, or various team sports five motives are: (1) Fitness, which refers to being physically active out of the desire to be physically healthy

Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale (MWMS)

Parental Conditional Regard Scales (PCRS)

The "Parental Conditional Regard Scales (PCRS)" are measures developed in the early 2000s by Self-Determination Theory scholars Avi Assor, Guy Roth, Richard M. Ryan, and Edward L. Deci (see Assor, Roth, & Deci 2004; Assor, Roth, Niemiec, Ryan, & Deci, 2009) to assess the impact of parental conditional regard on

Perceived Choice and Awareness of Self Scale (PCASS)

This scale assesses individual differences (trait level) in perceived choice and awareness of self. Perceived choice reflects feeling a sense of choice with respect to one’s behavior and awareness of self reflects being aware of one’s feelings and one’s sense of self. The PCASS is a short, 10- item scale, with two 5-item

Perceived Competence Scales (PCS)

Within Self-Determination Theory, competence is assumed to be one of three fundamental psychological needs, so the feelings or perceptions of competence with respect to an activity or domain is theorized to be important both because it facilitates peopleÕs goal attainment and also provides them with a sense of need

Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale (P-PASS)

Perceptions of Parents Scales (POPS)

The Perceptions of Parents Scales concern the degree to which parents provide what SDT considers an optimal parenting context (Grolnick, Deci, & Ryan, 1997). The scales are completed by children to describe their mothers and their

Player Experience of Needs Satisfaction (PENS)

The beginning empirical work applying SDT to video games by Ryan, Rigby, and Przybylski (2006) led to a new measure of need satisfaction in play - the Player Experience of Need Satisfaction (PENS) model. In that original work, Ryan et al. assumed that successful games were highly intrinsically motivating, yielding

Psychological Need Satisfaction In Walking Scale (PNSWS)

Psychological Need States in Sport Scale (PNSSS)

This scale assess the degree to which athletes experience satisfaction or frustration of their basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and

Psychological Need Thwarting in the Sport Context (PNTS)

The questionnaire measure has been designed to tap the frustration of the three psychological needs in the sport environment. The term “thwarting” was used to name the scale because at the time it was the predominant term in the SDT literature to describe need deprivation. More recently, the term “frustration” has been

Regulation of Eating Behavior Scale (REBS)

The REBS comprises 24 items with six subscales (4 items each) representing different types of behavioral regulation styles: three subscales represent more autonomous forms of regulation (intrinsic, integrated, and identified), two subscales represent more controlled forms of regulation (introjected and extrinsic), and one

Self-Regulation Questionnaires (SRQ)

The Self-Regulation Questionnaires assess domain-specific individual differences in the types of motivation or regulation. That is, the questions concern the regulation of a particular behavior (e.g., exercising regularly) or class of behaviors (e.g., engaging in religious behaviors). The regulatory styles, while considered

Situations in School Physical Education (SIS-PE)

The Situations in School questionnaire lists 12 different teaching situations that commonly occur during classroom instruction.  For each situation, four ways a teacher might handle that situation are presented.  There are no right or wrong answers.  Instead, you are asked to indicate how much each way of

The Sport Climate Questionnaire (SCQ)

The SCQ has a long form containing 15 items and a short form containing 6 of the items. The questionnaire is typically used with respect to specific coaches or individuals in comparable positions with respect to a sport or physical activity. The wording can be changed slightly to specify the particular situation being studied.

Sport Motivation Scale Revised (SMS-II)

The Revised Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-II) is an updated version of the original Sport Motivation Scale (Pelletier et al., 1995), grounded in Self-Determination Theory. Developed to better capture the full spectrum of athlete motivation, the SMS-II reflects the more recent advancements in motivation research,

Subjective Vitality Scales (SVS)

The concept of subjective vitality refers to the state of feeling alive and alert - to having energy available to the self. Vitality is considered an aspect of eudaimonic well-being (Ryan & Deci, 2001), as being vital and energetic is part of what it means to be fully functioning and psychologically well. Ryan and

Behavioural Regulation In Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ)

The Behavioural Regulation In Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ) and its subsequent modifications have become the most widely used measures of the continuum of behavioural regulation in exercise psychology research. The original BREQ developed by Mullan, Markland & Ingledew (1997) was developed to measure external, introjected,

Tripartite Measure of Interpersonal Behaviors-Coach (TMIB-C)

This scale assesses the degree to which coaches utilize need supportive, need thwarting, and need indifferent behaviors when interacting with their

Virtual Care Climate Questionnaire (VCCQ)

A questionnaire consisting of 15 items measuring perceived support for autonomy in a virtual care

Work Climate Questionnaire (WCQ)

The Work Climate Questionnaire (WCQ) is typically used with respect to specific work settings, such as teams or work groups that have one manager and assesses particpants’ perceptions of the degree fo autonomy supportiveness of their managers. It includes items like: “My manager provides me with choices and options about

Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale (WEIMS)

Why Do You Do Your Work? That is the question at the heart of The Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale (WEIMS), which is an 18-item measure of work motivation grounded in SDT developed by Tremblay, M. A., Blanchard, C. M., Taylor, S., Pelletier, L. G., & Villeneuve, M.